Though there are different kinds of lasers available, the helium neon laser is the best option. It is called by this name because the gain system consists of a mixture of both gases due to which it has been named like this. Therefore it is also called a gas laser due to the presence of gases. This mixture is filled in a small tube called a capillary tube. The ratio of the gases is about 10:1 which is perfect for the set up. Then low pressure is applied to the glass system so that the gases compress along with the electrical discharge. The electrodes which are used in the set up are connected to the glass tube and gas is passed through it. At the cathode end you have the output coupler and at the anode end you have the high reflector.
Population inversion
The helium neon laser is based on the concept of population inversion. In this process collision of electrons takes place with the gas mixture due to which the electrons get in the excited state. This means that they were initially in the ground state but due to collision they entered into the high energy state. Sometimes due to a higher collision, a metastable state is also reached which may not be common in other reactions. During the reaction lots of energy is generated which can be used in different forms. Doppler's effect will also come in to play because numerous activities are taking place at the same time.
Getting a better understanding
You will understand the concept better when you do it practically. If you feel the need you can use the Internet option and avail the information regarding the helium neon laser. You can also see the diagrams through which all these things will be clear before you. It will become easy for you to understand how things are going on and what reactions will take place. Even the set up as well as its operation will be clear to you and one will have no problem regarding it. You can also get to know about the fields in which this laser is used and how it can prove beneficial. One can explore the historical background that exists in the development phase of this type of laser. More dominantly this kind of laser performs well in the visible spectrum.
Practical demonstration the best way to understand
Thus you can say that there are lots of facts which are related to the helium neon laser. Apart from its workings, there are so many other interesting things that you would like to know and explore. Demonstration is the best way to understand things and get your information. If you want things to be clear to you then you have to see it practically and only then it is possible that you will have a complete comprehension. Hence through the Internet you will be able to collect lots of information about this laser and the wide applications in which it can be used.
source: http://EzineArticles.com/6269958
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